Persian and Arabic Influences on Urdu Lasaniyat: A Historical Linguistic Perspective

Abstract

Urdu, renowned for its poetic elegance and cultural depth, has evolved through centuries of interaction with diverse linguistic traditions. This paper examines the profound influences of Persian and Arabic on Urdu lasaniyat, delineating the historical, cultural, and linguistic factors that have shaped its development. During the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire, Persian emerged as the court language, infusing Urdu with an expansive vocabulary, refined grammatical structures, and a distinct literary aesthetic, particularly in poetic expressions such as the ghazal. Concurrently, Arabic, as the language of religion and scholarship, introduced specialized terminology, calligraphic styles, and rhetorical forms that enriched Urdu’s intellectual and cultural framework. This study explores how the synthesis of Persian elegance and Arabic depth created a unique linguistic identity that continues to resonate in modern Urdu literature and communication. Drawing on linguistic research and literary analyses, the paper highlights the reciprocal influence of these languages and their role in facilitating cultural dialogue and artistic innovation. Ultimately, the enduring legacy of Persian and Arabic contributions illustrates how historical interactions can shape a living language, preserving tradition while adapting to contemporary cultural dynamics. This examination underscores the transformative power of linguistic exchange and encourages ongoing research into evolving cultural dynamics globally.